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In addition to the background processes already described, there are other processes as well, such as the Queue Monitor Coordinator (QMNC), which spawns and coordinates queue slave processes, and the recoverer (RECO) process, which is used to coordinate distributed databases and other specialized processes.

Note Besides the processes discussed here, other Oracle background processes that perform specialized tasks may be running in your system. For example, if you use Oracle Real Application Clusters, you ll see a background process called the lock (LCKn) process, which is responsible for performing inter-instance locking.

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Oracle uses a part of its memory allocation to hold both program code and data, which makes processing much faster than if it had to fetch data from the disks constantly. These memory structures enable Oracle to share executable code among several users without having to go through all the preexecution processing every time a user invokes a piece of code. The Oracle server doesn t always write changes to disk directly. It writes database changes to the memory area, and when it s convenient, it writes the changes to disk. Because accessing memory is many times faster than accessing physical disks (memory access is measured in nanoseconds, whereas disk access is measured in milliseconds), Oracle is able to overcome the I/O limitations of the disk system. The more your database performs its work in memory rather than in the physical disk storage system, the faster the response will be. Of course, as physical I/O decreases, CPU usage

Although secondary storage (usually magnetic disks) is significantly larger than main memory, it s also significantly slower. A disk I/O involves either moving a data block from disk to memory (a disk read) or writing a data block to disk from memory (a disk write). Typically, it takes about 10 40 milliseconds (0.01 0.04 seconds) to perform a single disk I/O. Suppose your update transaction involves 25 I/Os you could spend up to 1 second just waiting to read or write data. In that same second, your CPUs could have performed millions of instructions the update takes a negligible amount of time compared to the disk reads and disk writes. If you already have the necessary data in Oracle s memory, the retrieval time would be much faster, as memory read/writes take only a few nanoseconds. This is why avoiding or minimizing disk I/Os plays such a big role in providing high performance in Oracle databases.

Even though it is possible to switch the compilation model for existing source files from native compilation to /clr, you should try to avoid this. However, in some cases, you have to go this way. For example, if you want to integrate controls built with .NET s Windows Forms API in MFC projects via the MFC support for Windows Forms, you have to compile the class hosting the Windows Forms control to managed code. You should be aware that changing the compilation model for existing files can change the order in which global and static variables are initialized. Global and static variables defined in source files compiled to native code are always called before global and static variables defined in source files compiled to managed code. Before you switch the compilation model, you should check if global or static variables are defined and if they have any dependencies to other initializations. In ATL projects, you must especially keep the global _Module or _AtlModule variable in a source file compiled to native code to avoid initialization problems. You should generally not switch the compilation model for the file that implements DllMain. For more information about DllMain restrictions, read 12. After modifying this compiler switch but before adding new code, you should run your code at least once to check if exceptions are thrown during application startup or shutdown.

if [ $perc_mem_used -lt 80 ] then mem_color=$green elif [ $perc_mem_used -ge 80 -a $perc_mem_used -lt 90 ] then mem_color=$yellow else mem_color=$red fi if [ $perc_swap_used -lt 80 ] then swap_color=$green elif [ $perc_swap_used -ge 80 -a $perc_swap_used -lt 90 ] then swap_color=$yellow