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2-16 can easily be expanded to have up to 32 BASIC STAMPs communicating on one RS-485 network by connecting additional slaves to the network A and B lines..

TIP: Use database scripting to explore the sample databases delivered with this book and the sample and system databases published with SQL Server. Exploration of other styles and methods in coding will help you to gain knowledge and build experience.

It also describes the SQL security scheme that prevents unauthorized access to data, and the SQL system catalog that describes the structure of a database This part also discusses the significant differences between the database structures supported by various SQL-based DBMS products Part Five, "Programming with SQL," describes how application programs use SQL for database access It discusses the embedded SQL specified by the ANSI standard and used by IBM, Oracle, Ingres, Informix, and most other SQL-based DBMS products It also describes the dynamic SQL interface that is used to build general-purpose database tools, such as report writers and database browsing programs Finally, this.

Even from the very name of the Transact-SQL language, you can conclude that transactions play a major role in SQL Server. They are an important mechanism for enforcing the consistency and integrity of the database.

8 7 6 5 1 5 6 3 4

6:

part describes the popular SQL APIs, including ODBC, the ISO-standard Call-Level Interface, and Oracle Call Interface, and contrasts them with the embedded SQL interface. Part Six, "SQL Today and Tomorrow," examines the state of SQL-based DBMS products today, major database trends, the "hot" new applications, and the directions that SQL will take over the next few years. It describes the intense current activity in SQL networking and distributed databases, and the evolution of special features to support SQL-based OLTP, and SQL-based data warehousing. This part also discusses the impact of object technology on SQL and relational databases, and the emergence of hybrid, object-relational database models.

Transactions are the smallest units of work in SQL Server. To qualify a unit of work as a transaction, it must satisfy the four criteria often referred to as the ACID test (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability):

Construct the demo RS-485 network by first building the circuit as shown Designate one BASIC STAMP to be the controller and the other to be the slave On the controller, connect the supplied switch between the BASIC STAMP s P2 pin and ground, and the 10k resistor between P2 and Vcc as a pull-up resistor This makes the line 5 V unless a button is pushed, in which case it goes to 0 V On the slave side, connect the supplied LED and resistor in series between the BASIC STAMP s P2 pin and ground Locate the WINDOWS STAMP 2 editor program titled STAMPWEXE, and run it Next, program the controller STAMP 2 with the supplied CONTROLBS2 program (Listing 2-3) Finally, program the slave BASIC STAMP with the supplied program SLAVEBS2 (Listing 2-4) Flick the switch on the controller.

Atomicity All data changes must be completed successfully, or none of them will be written permanently to the database. Consistency After a transaction, the database must be left in a consistent state. All rules must be applied during processing to ensure data integrity. All constraints must be satisfied. All internal data structures must be left in an acceptable state. Isolation Changes to the database made by a transaction must not be visible to other transactions until the transaction is complete. Before the transaction is committed, other transactions should see the data only in the state it was in before the transaction. Durability Once a transaction is completed, changes must not revert even in the case of a system failure.

The dramatic growth of PC LANs through the 1980s and 1990s created a new opportunity for departmental or "workgroup" database management The original database systems focused on this market segment ran on IBM's OS/2 operating system In fact, SQL Server, now a key part of Microsoft's Windows strategy, originally made its debut as an OS/2 database product In the mid-1990s, Novell also made a concentrated effort to make its NetWare operating system an attractive workgroup database server platform From the earliest days of PC LANs, NetWare had become established as the dominant network operating system for file and print servers Through deals with Oracle and others, Novell sought to extend this leadership to workgroup database servers as well The arrival of Windows NT on the workgroup computing scene was the catalyst that caused the workgroup database market to really take off.